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What is Copay?

A copay or copayment is the amount of money you are required to pay directly to the healthcare provider (doctor, hospital etc.) per visit, or to a pharmacy for every prescription filled.

Copays discourage unnecessary visits by making the patient responsible for a small portion of her healthcare costs. Copays are typically $15 to $50 per visit but may vary depending upon the following factors:

• Specialists vs. General Physicians: Copays for specialist visits are usually higher than for general physicians.
• Generics vs. brand name drugs: Copays for prescription drugs are around $5 to $20 per prescription, with lower copays for generics vs. brand name drugs. This provides an incentive to lower costs by using drugs that are chemically equivalent but cheaper.
• In-network vs. Out-of-network: Insurance companies contract with healthcare providers to agree upon reimbursement rates. When you see a provider 'in-network' — i.e., a provider that the insurance company has an agreement with — you may pay a lower copay than when you see a doctor out-of-network.

No, copays do not count toward the deductible. However, copays do count toward the annual out-of-pocket maximum, which is the total amount you are liable to pay for all your healthcare costs in any given year — including copay and coinsurance. This video explains deductibles, coinsurance and copay.

Copays are applicable until the annual out-of-pocket maximum is reached but many insurance plans waive copays for preventive care visits like annual physicals or child wellness checkups.

1. A copay is like paying for repairs when something goes wrong. When your car gets serviced, you pay a set fee to the mechanic, just as you may pay a set fee, like $20, when you go to the doctor because you're sick. Every plan is different, so premiums, deductibles, coinsurance, and copays can vary in cost. Health care question answered.
2. A copay is a fixed amount you pay for a health care service, usually when you receive the service. The amount can vary by the type of service. How it works: Your plan determines what your copay is for different types of services, and when you have one. You may have a copay before you’ve finished paying toward your deductible.

High-deductible health plans (HDHP) usually do not have a copay.

What is Coinsurance?

The copay is usually too small to cover all of the provider's fees. The provider collects the copay from the patient at the time of service and bills the insurance company. If the provider is in-network, the insurance company first lowers the 'allowed amount' to the pre-negotiated rate for that service (more about this in the example below). If the deductible has been met, the insurance plan then covers a large percentage (usually 60-90%, depending upon the plan) of the allowed amount. The patient is responsible for the balance (10-40% of the allowed amount). This balance is called coinsurance.

Coinsurance may be higher when you see an out-of-network provider, but stays the same whether you see a GP or a specialist.

What is a Deductible?

The annual deductible specified in your plan is the total coinsurance you must pay in a calendar year before the insurance company starts paying for any healthcare costs.

Do copays count toward the deductible?

No, copays do not count toward the deductible. However, copays do count toward the annual out-of-pocket maximum, which is the total amount you are liable to pay for all your healthcare costs in any given year — including copay and coinsurance.

This video explains deductibles, coinsurance and copay:

Copay, Coinsurance and Deductible Example

Assume that a plan has a deductible of $1,000, $30 copay and 20% coinsurance.

The patient makes her first visit to a doctor in that year. Like every visit, she pays a copay of $30 at the time of the visit. Suppose the total bill for that visit is $700. The doctor is in the plan's network so the insurance company gets a discounted rate of $630 for that visit. After subtracting the $30 copay from the patient, the balance owed to the doctor is $600.

If the deductible had been met, the insurance company would have paid 80% of this $600 balance. However, since the deductible has not been met yet, the patient is responsible for the full $600.

The second visit is similar. The doctor's $500 bill is discounted down to $430 because of the preferred rate that the insurance company gets. The patient pays a $30 copay and so the balance is $400. Since the $1,000 deductible has not been met yet, the patient is responsible for this $400 too.

But the $600 from the first visit and the $400 from the second visit total $1,000 and serve to meet the deductible. So for the third visit, the insurance plan steps up and starts paying for healthcare costs.

In our example, the doctor's bill for the third visit is $600, discounted to $530. The patient still pays a $30 copay even after the deductible is met. For the $500 balance, the plans pays 80%, or $400 and the patient is responsible for 20%, or $100.

Other considerations

Navigating the health insurance maze can be challenging because there are other variables involved. For example,

• Some plans have different deductibles for in-network and out-of-network providers.
• Some plans do count copay amounts towards the deductible; most don't.
• Not all plans have an out-of-pocket maximum. For plans that do, you do not have to pay any more copay or coinsurance once you reach that limit in total out-of-pocket expenses for the year, .
• Some plans have a lifetime maximum so the insurance company stops paying for healthcare if they have already paid out that amount over the lifetime of the patient.
• Preventive care such as vaccines for children is usually covered 100%. Copays are waived and deductibles do not apply in such cases.
• Even with a deductible, it is often advantageous to have insurance because of the fee discount negotiated by an insurer with the provider. i.e. the fee that healthcare providers can charge for a particular service is lower if the patient is insured.

References

For such an important part of the average American's life, health insurance can get incredibly, frustratingly complicated. Rather than simply having the comfort of knowing you are covered for your medical needs, you're expected to understand a variety of terms in order to know what's covered, how much you're covered for and what you'll have to pay for.

One such term is coinsurance, a vague term without any added context. But coinsurance involves both you and your insurance provider, and so it's important to understand what it is and how it functions in the insurance process. Should you require a medical procedure, knowing your coinsurance can help you get a better approximation of how much you'll have to pay, and where to go from there.

So what is coinsurance, and what separates it from other figures in your health insurance?

What Is Coinsurance?

Coinsurance is the amount you will pay for a medical cost your health insurance covers after your deductible has been met.

Your deductible, if you weren't aware, is the amount you have to pay before insurance kicks in to help pay. In health insurance, your deductible can get spread to multiple costs or one single cost until it runs out. Once you've reached your deductible, that's when insurance comes in. But in healthcare, you also have the coinsurance to deal with.

Coinsurance is measured as a percentage of what you will pay of the remaining costs compared to what insurance will. Perhaps the most common percentages here are 80/20 - that is to say, your provider will pay 80% of it, and you will pay 20%. Another common set up is 70/30 (you pay 30%).

Copay Coinsurance Deductible Codes

Coinsurance comes into play when your deductible runs out, and depending on your deductible and your medical history, that amount of time could fluctuate wildly. Someone with a history of medical issues may choose a lower deductible plan (though these tend to have higher premiums) because they anticipate future costs, while someone without a troubling history may be more willing to enroll in a high deductible health plan to avoid high premiums, under the assumption that it is unlikely something major will come up.

Does Your Coinsurance Affect Out-of-Pocket Maximums?

Knowing your deductible is crucial for your health insurance, but once you've reached the end of your deductible you should know your out-of-pocket maximum. That is the maximum amount of overall money you have to pay before your insurance company covers all of the costs.

The money you are personally paying when coinsurance gets factored in does, in fact, go toward your out-of-pocket maximum. So let's say you have a deductible of $1,500 and an out-of-pocket maximum of $5,000. You reach that deductible, and the remaining medical costs you owe lead to $300 out of your own pocket due to coinsurance. Combined, this would mean you've paid $1,800 of your $5,000 out-of-pocket maximum.

So while coinsurance can be a bit of a nuisance, more money you have to take from your own pocket put toward medical costs, it is supposed to have a beneficial purpose of bringing you closer to your maximum. How much your out-of-pocket maximum will be will depend on the sort of insurance plan you end up enrolling in.

Example of Coinsurance

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Let's bring a few figures in to provide a real-life example. Let's say that your healthcare plan has a deductible of $1,000, and you have an 80/20 coinsurance clause.

With this information, say you incur $2,500 in medical costs. You haven't had to use your deductible prior to this, so all $1,000 of it goes toward this cost. From there, we're left with $1,500. How much of this will you be paying via the coinsurance clause?

$1,500 x 20% = 1,500 x 0.2 = $300

Your coinsurance payment here would be $300. Combined with your deductible, that means you would be paying $1,300 to the insurance company's $1,200.

This is why understanding your coinsurance clause is crucial. You're paying much less than you would without insurance, but in this example you still had to pay for more than half of the costs.

If you end up with other medical costs that your insurance covers, though, your deductible is no longer a factor and you would just have to pay the 20% via your coinsurance clause. So if your next medical costs that year are $1,200, you'd only pay $240 of it.

These, however, may be minor examples compared to what medical expenses you may have to deal with. You still have to reach your out-of-pocket maximum before your insurance company starts to cover 100% of the costs. Generally, your out-of-pocket maximum correlates inversely with your premiums. Much like with deductibles, those with higher premiums have lower maximums and those with lower premiums will likely have higher ones.

Coinsurance vs. Copay

Coinsurance and copay, as similar-sounding terms for your healthcare, may be a little confusing. Though they share similarities, they're ultimately different plans for your insurance.

Whereas coinsurance is the percentage you pay for medical costs after your deductible, your copay is a set amount you have to pay for other covered expenses. For example, a prescription medicine can have a copay, as can a physical or other visit to your primary care physician (PCP). Where a coinsurance plan might have you pay 20% for this doctor's visit, a plan with a copay may instead require you to pay a flat fee of $20 while they pay for the rest of it. Depending on the specific figures involved in your specific plan, a copay could be more or less than what the coinsurance is for any given medical cost.

That said, in other ways coinsurance and copay plans are quite similar. Generally copayments, like coinsurance, do not go toward your deductible but do go toward your out-of-pocket maximum.

Coinsurance in Other Insurance Industries

Coinsurance is most prevalent in the health insurance industry. But coinsurance is a way for insurance companies to try and mitigate risk in the event that expenses add up more than they anticipated, so it's not uncommon for you to find coinsurance in other insurance industries as well.

For example, you may find a coinsurance clause when dealing with property insurance. In this industry, the coinsurance dictates that the property must be insured for a percentage of its value. This is particularly common in commercial property.

Copay Coinsurance And Deductible

Much like in health insurance, 80% coinsurance is the most common percentage. That meant if you had a $500,000 property, you would need to insure it for, at the very least, $400,000.

Let's say, though, that you didn't do that. You decided to only insure it for $300,000 in an attempt to save money on the deal. This could lead to a costly coinsurance penalty if something goes wrong.

You should have insured it for $400,000 but only went as far as $300,000 to insure your property (and you have a deductible of $2,000). Now let's say a pipe bursts in the building, causing excessive damage that totals up to $200,000. Your insurance will, when reviewing the case, notice you did not get the amount of insurance the coinsurance clause required and will impose a penalty.

To figure out the penalty, your insurance will divide the amount of insurance you got by how much you were supposed to (in this case, 300,000/400,000 or 0.75) and multiply that by your damage. 200,000 x .75 = $150,000, which is how much your insurance will pay. Thus, here your coinsurance penalty is a whopping $50,000.

Copay Coinsurance Difference